Psychologia tłumu
Gustaw Le Bon
Psychologia tłumu
Recenzja:
Gustaw Le Bon był francuskim lekarzem i antropologiem. Zajmował się także socjologią. W jego działach widać też pewne zacięcie psychologiczne, choć trudno w XIX w. mówić już o psychologii, jako o pełnoprawnej nauce.
Mimo, iż żyjemy w kulturze, która gloryfikuje indywidualizm, to tak naprawdę jesteśmy niesieni przez tłum, a ten bywa siłą straszną i destrukcyjną. Tak tłum pojmował autor Psychologii tłumu. W czasach upadku wartości moralnych do głosu dochodzi pierwotny instynkt równości. Tłum budzi się, by swoim działaniem doprowadzić do „pierwotnego komunizmu”i powszechnej równości, która nie jest jednak możliwa. Taki niepohamowany zryw prowadzi do terroru i rozchwiania społecznych fundamentów. Obserwując historię różnych rewolucji, trudno nie przyznać Le Bonowi racji. Można się oburzać na ostrość niektórych sformułowań, można też przypominać, iż natchnie z tej książki czerpał Adolf Hitler, to jednak nie umniejsza jej wartości i trafności wielu uwag. Z drugiej strony, często jedynie wstrząsy społeczne przyczyniają się do polepszenia ogólnego bytu. Nie ma chyba idealnego rozwiązania tego dylematu. Tłum bywa okrutny, bywa też (choć nie zbyt często) twórczy.
Polecam Psychologię tłumu jako dobry komentarz do współczesnych debat i przepychanek politycznych. Jak mówił mędrzec; „Nic nowego pod słońcem”. Od wieków próbuje się grać na psychologii tłumu…
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